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Adaptive Beacon Placement

Nirupama Bulusu, John Heidemann, and Deborah Estrin
USC/Information Sciences Institute

Abstract

Beacon placement strongly affects the quality of spatial localization, a critical service for context-aware applications in wireless sensor networks; yet this aspect of localization has received little attention. Fixed beacon placement approaches such as uniform and very dense placement are not always viable and will be inadequate in very noisy environments in which sensor networks may be expected to operate (with high terrain and propagation uncertainties). In this paper, we motivate the need for empirically adaptive beacon placement and outline a general approach based on exploration and instrumentation of the terrain conditions by a mobile human or robot agent. We design, evaluate and analyze three novel adaptive beacon placement algorithms using this approach for localization based on RF-proximity. In our evaluation, we find that beacon density rather than noise level has a more significant impact on beacon placement algorithms. Our beacon placement algorithms are applicable to a low (beacon) density regime of operation. Noise makes moderate density regimes more improvable.

Availability

This paper is available in several formats: abstract web page with pointers and cites, gzip'ed postscript, PDF, paper copies can be obtained by mail to the authors. Copyright terms for this paper appear below.

Reference

Bulusu01a: Nirupama Bulusu, John Heidemann, and Deborah Estrin. Adaptive Beacon Placement. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 489-498. Phoenix, AZ, April, 2001. <http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.html>.

@inproceedings{Bulusu01a,
	author = "Nirupama Bulusu and John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin",
	title = "Adaptive Beacon Placement",
	booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems",
	year = "2001",
	address = "Phoenix, AZ",
	month = "April",
	pages = "489--498",
	keywords = "beacon placement algorithms, localization",
	url = "http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.html",
	keywords = "beacon placement algorithms, localization",
	url = "http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.html",
	pdfurl = "http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.pdf",
	psurl = "http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Bulusu01a.ps.gz",
	copyrightholder = "
	Personal use of this material is permitted.  However,
	permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising
	or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works
        for resale or redistribution to servers or lists,
	or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works
	must be obtained from the IEEE.
",
}

Copyright

This paper is copyright © 2001 by Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. . Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that new copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Abstracting with credit is permitted.

To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission of the authors.