Let us take the most common situation, i.e. rain fade. Can someone
   explain to me its quantitative impact on BER. 
If no countermeasure is taken, a  satellite link using QPSK and no FEC goes
from 1e-8 BER to 1e-3 with only 5 dB of signal attenuation.  With FEC, less
dB's are needed.   In general, however, you must  account for power margin,
so there is no general answer.  Also, experimental systems such as ACTS and
our old  FODA/IBEA use fade  countermeasure adaptive techniques, even  if I
don't know if any commercial system uses such methods.
-- 
Francesco Potorti` (researcher)        Voice:    +39-050-593 203 (op. 211)
Computer Networks Group                Fax:      +39-050-904052
CNUCE-CNR, Via Santa Maria 36          Email:    [email protected]
56126 Pisa - Italy                     Web:	 http://fly.cnuce.cnr.it/
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