Abstract

This paper examines the main approaches and challenges in the design and implementation of underwater wireless sensor networks. We summarize key applications and the main phenomena related to acoustic propagation, and discuss how they affect the design and operation of communication systems and networking protocols at various layers. We also provide an overview of communications hardware, testbeds and simulation tools available to the research community.

Date

September 26, 2025

Authors

John Heidemann, Milica Stojanovic, Michele Zorzi

Journal

Advances, and Challenges Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering