Abstract

Hybrid work alters workload experiences, yet the environmental attributes linking workspace location to subjective outcomes remain poorly understood. We conducted a four-month field study of 19 hybrid office workers, collecting 1,238 daily self-rated NASA-TLX workload dimensions alongside continuous indoor environmental quality (IEQ) monitoring across home and office workspaces. IEQ sensors measured temperature, humidity, CO₂, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), PM₂.₅, and noise. In this exploratory study, mixed-effects models indicated that office workspaces were associated with higher mental demand, physical demand, time demand, effort, and frustration, but also with higher self-rated performance. Compared to home workspaces, offices exhibited more stable and generally lower concentrations of key indoor air-quality indicators, particularly CO₂, TVOCs, and PM₂.₅. Multilevel within …

Date

2026

Authors

Mirmahdi Seyedrezaei, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, Shawn C Roll, Gale Lucas, Shrikanth Narayanan

Journal

Building and Environment

Pages

114973

Publisher

Pergamon